You crack me up! Make me laugh!
First of all, I have not used CB. So, we are going to cover this with just plain Joomla!. If you are still confused about CB, we will have to find someone else. I hope it is similar enough and will help you with what you need.
A.
Content Items are where your words and pictures go -- articles. The first picture below show the Content Item editor. On the right side, are many parameters. Those parameters impact how articles look when presented. Play around with those to see the various changes. (Reading them will make sense for 80% of it.) ...
Image 1, below
B.
To make a blog, you create a
menu item. The second image, the blue boxed in area, shows the various parameters available for a "blog." In Joomla! a blog is not what a WP, or "normal" blog is. It is just a "index page" with article "teasers" (introductory text).
You specify:
1. How many
leading articles you want - a leading article takes the entire width of the
main content area. We have 1.
2. Following that, how many
Intro articles, we have 2.
3. Following that, how many
columns to use for your intro articles, we have 2.
4. Then, how many
links (so, if there are more than 3 articles, the links would follow.)
5. Below, are parameters to activate or not
heading or the
read more links.. Image 2, below
C. This is how it looks ... a Joomla!
blog .. See how it has one Intro article? 2 columns? 2 articles? (There are no links because there are only 3 articles for this example page.)
So, in a nutshell, your basic content item with parameters, menu items and blog pages. I think that should cover 1, 2 and 3 from your list. If it does not and you really need the Community Builder way of looking at life, we will need to find someone with CB experience.
As far as #4, A) No. B) No. lol!
In case you are looking for good learning material
Absolute Beginners Guide to Joomla!
Good luck!
Amy